+ Ramming: ​​​​ This is striking and hitting with rapidity especially with iron last, leather &sole mallet and hammer are mostly used for ramming.

+ Burnishing: This is the act of attempting to burn, especially the tip of a leather and material.

+ Gumming: This is the act of applying gum on a surface of a material. This is always done with a gum brush.

     How to apply gum: you will dip the brush in the gum then you apply in the surface

+ Polishing: This is the act of applying polish on a material.

+Scrubbing: This is the process of using abrasive on a material so as to roughen the surface of the material so as to gain more adhesiveness of the gum.

+Filling: This is the act of smoothning a material.